Kuhumizga

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Kuhumizga (kuzunulika mu Chizungu: Hypnosis) ni mawonekero gha kuŵa na viyelezgo gha kuŵa na chidali chakukhumba kumvera, kugomezga, na kuleka kuzenga malinga na malango gha munthu uyo wakumuchizga (hypnotist). Pa nthowa iyi, munthu wakukhala na umo wakukhumbikwira kuti wakumane na kusintha kwa mazgu, kususka, panji kukumbukira vinthu vyakale. Mu Malawi na Zambia, kuhumizga kukugwira ntchito yake mu vigaŵa vinyake nga ni vyaumoyo, vya m'maganizo, na vya chikhalidwe.

Mazgu Ghakuyana

Kuhumizga kukutoleka ku mazgu gha Chigiriki hypnos, kung'anamura "kulota". Mu Chitumbuka, kuti "kuhumizga" kung'anamura "kupitisa munthu mu chimoyo chinyake" panji "kumupatizga munthu kuti wakumane na kusintha kwa m'maganizo". Ntchito iyi yikulongora kuti munthu wali na chidali chakukhumba kumvera (suggestibility) icho chikupangiska kuti wambe kusintha vinthu mu maganizo ghake, mu nkhongono, panji mu chikhalidwe chake.

Mbiri

Mbiri ya pa Charu Chose

Mbiri ya kuhumizga yikwamba ku Europe mu vyaka vya m'ma 1700, apo munthu waku Austria Franz Mesmer wakamba kugwiliskira ntchito "animal magnetism". Kweni ŵanthu ŵakamba kumanya za kuhumizga nga ni sayansi mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800 na James Braid, uyo wakapa zina lakuti "hypnosis". Pa nyengo iyi, ŵasayansi nga ni Jean-Martin Charcot na Sigmund Freud ŵakagwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakupima vya m'maganizo. Sono, kuhumizga kukugwira ntchito yake mu sayansi ya m'maganizo (psychology) na vyaumoyo.

Mbiri ya mu Malawi na Zambia

Mu Malawi na Zambia, kuhumizga kwali na mbiri yakufupi yayi. Kweni, mazgu ghanyake ghakuyana na kuhumizga ghakumanyikwa na ŵanthu ŵa m'maŵindo. Ŵanthu ŵakale ŵakasambizganga ŵana ŵawo kuti "kuzizima" (kukhala pasi na kuleka kuganizga vinthu vyakunyang'anya) apo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito mitheto ya kusambizga. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, ŵasangoma panji ŵa m'maŵindo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito nyimbo, ngoma, na kususka kuti ŵapitiske ŵanthu mu chimoyo chakuleka kuzenga malinga na malango ghawo, ichi chikuyana waka na kuhumizga.

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990, ŵalwani ŵa m'maganizo ŵakamba kuzenga malo ghakugwilira ntchito mu miziŵa ya ku Lilongwe, Lusaka, na Blantyre. Mu 2005, gulu la Malawi Counsellors Association likamba kusambizga ŵanthu za kugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakulwaska vya m'maganizo nga ni kusuzga (stress) na kukhumba kuleka kugwila ntchito (depression). Mu Zambia, University of Zambia (UNZA) yikamba kulongosora za kuhumizga mu masambiro gha sayansi ya m'maganizo.

Mitundu ya Kuhumizga

Kuhumizga kuli na mitundu yakupambanapambana:

Kuhumizga kwa Chisayansi (Clinical/Medical Hypnosis): Kugwiliskira ntchito na ŵadokotala panji ŵalwani ŵa m'maganizo kuti ŵalwe nthenda za m'maganizo na za thupi, nga ni kusuzga, kuvwila vinthu, panji kuvwila viwawa.
Kuhumizga kwa kuŴandiska (Stage Hypnosis): Kugwiliskira ntchito pa maso pa ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kuseka. Mu Malawi, mitundu iyi yikusangika mu vigaŵa vya sukulu panji pa mahotela.
Kuhumizga kwa kuŴekha (Self-Hypnosis): Kuti munthu wakuchizga yekha kuti wakumane na kusintha kwa m'maganizo, nga ni kuleka kugwila ntchito ya kusuta fodya.
kuhumizga kwa kubwelela (Regression Hypnosis): Kuti munthu wabwelele ku nyengo zakale zakwambilira kuti wakumane na kukumbukira vinthu ivyo vikupangiska kuti wakumane na vimbundi sono. Mitundu iyi yikusangika mu vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Malawi.
Kuhumizga kwa Chikhalidwe (Ericksonian Hypnosis): Kugwiliskira ntchito ngani na mazgu ghakususka kuti munthu wakumane na kusintha. Mitundu iyi yikugwiliskirika ntchito na ŵasambizgi ŵa sukulu.

Sayansi na Kupima

Ŵasayansi ŵakuyowoya kuti kuhumizga ni "chimoyo chakusintha" (altered state of consciousness). Pa kompyuta ya fMRI, ŵakuwona kuti apo munthu wali mu kuhumizga, vigaŵa vinyake vya bongo vikugwira ntchito vinandi. World Health Organization (WHO) yikugomezga kuti kuhumizga nchakuzirwa pakulwaska vimbundi vya m'maganizo.

Mu Malawi na Zambia, kupima kwa sayansi kukwamba. Mu 2018, sukulu ya sayansi ya m'maganizo ya ku University of Malawi, Chancellor College yikamba kupima za kugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakulwaska kusuzga kwa ŵana ŵa sukulu. Mu Zambia, Chainama Hills College Hospital wakagwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakupoŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakuvwila viwawa vya m'maganizo chifukwa cha nkhondo.

Kugwiliskira Ntchito

Kuhumizga kukugwiliskira ntchito mu vigaŵa vinandi:

Vyaumoyo: Kulekeska kuvwila vinthu (pain management), kusintha chikhalidwe cha kudya, kulwaska nthenda za thupi nga ni kukoma mtima.
Vya M'maganizo: Kulwaska kusuzga, kukhumba kuleka kugwila ntchito, kuvwila vinthu (phobias), na kuleka kugwila ntchito ya kusuta fodya.
Vya Sukulu na Ntchito: Kuwusa ŵana kuti ŵaleke kusuzga pa masambiro, kuwusa ŵantchito kuti ŵagwile ntchito makora.
Vya Malamulo: Kuwusa ŵalongoli kuti ŵakumbukire vinthu vyakwendakwenda (forensic hypnosis), kweni ivi vikusangika yayi mu Malawi na Zambia.
Vya Chikhalidwe: Kuwusa ŵanthu kuti ŵasinthe chikhalidwe, nga ni kuleka kugonana na ŵanakazi ŵanyake.

Malango mu Malawi na Zambia

Mu Malawi, kuhumizga nchakulembeka yayi mu malango ghakuyowoya za umoyo. Kweni, ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga nga ni ŵadokotala panji ŵalwani ŵa m'maganizo ŵali na malango ghakuwungana na gulu lawo. Medical Council of Malawi wakukhumba kuti ŵadokotala ŵasambizge makora para ŵagwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga. Malawi Counsellors Association nayo yikupanga malango ghakuwusa ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga.

Mu Zambia, malango ghakuyana. Health Professions Council of Zambia (HPCZ) ndiyo wakulemba ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga. Ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga nga ni ŵasayansi ŵa m'maganizo ŵakwenera kusambizgika makora. Kugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pa maso pa ŵanthu (stage hypnosis) nkupokelereka, kweni kukwenera kulembeka na boma.

Para munthu wakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga wakuleka kuzomerezgeka, wangasangika na mulandu. Mu 2019, ku Lilongwe, munthu wakasangika na mulandu chifukwa chakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga kuti wapeleke ŵanthu chuma.

Chikhalidwe na Maghanoghano ghŴanthu

Mu Malawi na Zambia, ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana mitundu yakupambanapambana za kuhumizga. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti kuhumizga nchakuzirwa comene pakulwaska vya m'maganizo. Ŵanyake ŵakuti nchakuchimbizgana na masoka, chifukwa ŵakughanaghana kuti kuhumizga kukuyana na kusopera kwa ŵasilikari.

Mu vigaŵa vya m'mizi, ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti kuhumizga nchakuyana na "kuzizima" kwa ŵakale. Ŵakuru ŵakuti, para munthu wakukhala pasi na kuleka kuganizga vinthu vyakunyang'anya, nkupita ku chimoyo chinyake. Ichi chikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaleke kugomezga kuti kuhumizga nchakusintha.

Ŵasambizgi ŵa visambizgo vya Chikhristu ŵanyake ŵakuti kuhumizga nchakuchimbizgana na masoka, chifukwa kukupitisa munthu mu chimoyo chakuleka kuzenga malinga na malango ghake. Kweni, mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist mu Zambia wakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga kwa kuŵekha pakulwaska vimbundi.

Ŵanthu Ŵakumanyikwa mu Malawi na Zambia

Dr. Thokozani Banda (Malawi): Mulara wa sayansi ya m'maganizo uyo wakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakulwaska kusuzga kwa ŵana. Wakalemba buku lakuti "Maganizo Ghathu" (2015).
Chilufya Mwamba (Zambia): Mulara wa sayansi ya m'maganizo ku Chainama Hills College Hospital. Wakasambizga ŵanthu za kugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakupoŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakuvwila viwawa.
Grace Jere (Malawi): Mulara wa kusambizga ŵanthu (counsellor) ku Lilongwe. Wakazenga malo ghakusambizga ŵanthu za kuhumizga kwa kuŵekha.
Dr. David Phiri (Zambia): Ndokotala wa m'maganizo uyo wakugwiliskira ntchito kuhumizga pakulwaska nthenda za kudya. Wakagwira ntchito na Mental Health Recovery Foundation Zambia.
Tionge Kayira (Malawi): Mulara wa kuhumizga pa maso pa ŵanthu (stage hypnotist) uyo wakendeskera malo ghake ku Blantyre na Lilongwe.

Wonani Munthu

Vigaŵa vya kuwona

Malawi Counsellors Association. (2021). Kuhumizga na Umoyo wa Maganizo. Lilongwe.
Mental Health Recovery Foundation Zambia. (2020). Kugwiliskira Ntchito Kuhumizga mu Zambia. Lusaka.
Banda, T. (2015). Maganizo Ghathu: Kuhumizga na Vilwero Vinyake. Blantyre: Dzuka Publishing.

Ukaboni